Friday, November 29, 2019

The Eyes Have It Essays - Dragon, Wolf Nomads, Demon,

The Eyes Have It The Eyes Have It is a book of adventure. While reading it, I got the sense that before it was written into a book, it was a Role Playing Game, and the Games Master had played the adventure, liked how his players had conducted the adventure, and wrote it into a book. In this way it relates to my topic heavily, as it IS a Role Playing Game. In another way it doesn't relate to RPG's at all because it's a book, and not a game. But it relates to my topic in one pure sense - it's an adventure. All RPG's are adventures. The story begins as one Askar-Ben-Oba, son of the chief of the Wolf Nomads, must travel through a continent to marry his betrothed, one Maria Griswalda. Askar does not want to marry Maria, but he must. His tribe, the Wolf Nomads, was once a proud and happy race. They fought numerous battles and won the battles and also the fear and respect of their allies. But over time, they had softened. The Spider Queen, an undead creature, had the plan to take over all of the Yeomanry. The Yeomanry is where the story takes place, and is a huge continent where many different races and cultures live (like Asia and Africa put together with some aliens and snow thrown in.) the Spider Queen had the notion of destroying all this good for her own, and turning it into her black domain. She did. She casted a spell which made a huge black bubble. It spread like a plague and grew for leagues in every direction. Anything that entered this bubble never came out. The Spider Queen threw her min orcs, demons, kobolds, etc. into this bubble to plunder and destroy. This she did successfully. But one person would not take this sitting down. While the Wold Nomads, who were far away and too far to really receive the effects of this bubble, rested their haunches and became couch potatoes, one Kathryn Fern-Cliffe, daughter of King Buncombe the Green. Kathryn had the will and the need to destroy the Spider Queen. This she did, with the help of a magical gem, the Eye of Tiros. Kathryn used the magic power within the eye to destroy the Spider Queen. Once she was destroyed, life became normal in the Yeomanry. Kathryn also had the job of rebuilding the destruction of the Spider Queen. But while the Wolf Nomads were deteriorating, and Kathryn rebuilding, Kranoch, a king of a region in the Yeomanry, was plotting revenge on Kathryn. Her father had blinded Kranoch by an arrow while on an assault raid, and Kranoch wanted revenge. Kranoch gathered his armies and the left over minions of the Spider Queen, and made an army powerful enough to destroy Kathryn and her region of Sterich. Kranoch also wanted the Eye of Tiros, the magical gem, which he thought would cure his blindness. With this as his main driving force, he went on a rampage. Back to the Wolf Nomads for a moment. The Wolf Nomads were quickly deteriorating. Askar-Ben-Oba, the son of the chief, was to marry Maria Griswalda, the daughter of a wealthy Nomad who had gone to Sterich and made a fortune. Maria's sizeable dowry was badly needed to fund the Wolf Nomads in their daily lives and to rebuild themselves into the powerful tribe they once were. The story all comes together as Askar sets out on his journey to Sterich to marry Maria. On his journey, the Eye of Tiros is stolen, and he is framed as the thief when he sits in a seedy bar. The bar "patrons" found Askar as the dupe and framed him with the crime. Askar is punished, searched, and found innocent. But he does not get away with the theft cleanly, as he is still the prime suspect. Askar gets an iron collar fit around his neck, with a magic spell on it. The spell makes the collar around his neck shrink a little every day, so eventually it will strangle him. His only escape is to find the Eye of Tiros so the collar can be removed. Askar knows his only way to survive is by finding the Eye. This he sets out to do. But during his quest, he gets captured by Sea Pirates, meets up with a dwarf with a flying ship, and eventually reaches Kathryn in her quest to find the Eye of Tiros. The Eye is wanted not

Monday, November 25, 2019

Korean Conflict Essays

Korean Conflict Essays Korean Conflict Essay Korean Conflict Essay Abstraction In this essay you will larn about the Korean War struggle and how it ended and what went incorrect. Besides how the United States trades with the struggle of the Korean War. How did this war affect American esthesias. including the manner Americans viewed the war and themselves? There were many different effects occurred as a consequence of the Korean Conflict. which ended in 1953. with 1000s of human deaths but no clear master and no peace pact signed. The north continued to be occupied by communist forces. and the South becomes an American ally. Besides. Korea illustrated how a comparatively contained struggle could turn into a much broader regional inferno. As the struggle escalated. there were points in clip in which China and the Soviet Union could hold conceivably been drawn into the struggle. potentially ensuing in another regional. or even general war. Possibly most significantly. Korea illustrated how tenseness between the U. S. S. R. and the United States could go all-out struggles. Other long-run effects include the constitution of lasting atomic installings in South Korea and the committedness of conventional U. S. military equipment and military personnels to South Korea for decennaries afterwards. Make the war alteration America’s universe and why? Other of import legislative alterations include the transition of the War Power Act ( 1973 ) . necessitating U. S. presidents to have expressed blessing from Congress before forces could be deployed overseas for combat intents. Politically. the struggle resulted in an antipathy to farther American casualties. which basically changed U. S. intercession in ulterior international struggles. The Democratic party besides experienced serious effects in 1968. Democratic electors. split over U. S. engagement in Vietnam. divided their ballots between Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace. ensuing in a Republican presidential triumph a Democratic party whose political relations were changed basically. Economically. the Vietnam Conflict resulted in rising prices as disbursement for Vietnam continued. but the United States remunerated mostly through monetizing of the money supply. Because the Americans did non cognize if the Korean War was over or non so the Americans attempt to travel on with their lives but it was difficult to make so. Be the result of the war beneficial or detrimental to the United States ( or a combination of both ) ? I do believe that the Korean War was good to the United States than it was damaging. The United States gained cognition from the Korean War ; it was good to them in the long tally. The United States besides gained awareness from the War. The United States of America became cognizant and more apprehension of the falling domino consequence of communism. After the Korean War the United States rearmed and go a universe power and the United States realized that they needed to duplicate the size of their ground forces. For the following war that may to go of may be coming to the United States. Mentions My campus. aiu-online. com/library/CourseGuide/5/Tutorials/AIUAPA/ebook. htpl Editorial Board. ( 2012 ) . History. Schaumburg. Illinois: words of wisdom. Retrieve from hypertext transfer protocol: //mycampus. aiu-online. com/pages/bookshelf. aspx Course Materials: HIST105-1205B: U. S. History U. S. Relations: The Korean War hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/newshour. uh. edu/database/Subtitles. cfm? titleID=75

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Fugitive Slave Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Fugitive Slave Law - Essay Example The rights of the citizen especially freedom should be upheld by such legislation in Massachusetts. However, there is higher prevalence of slavery ever since the beginning of the 19th century. The law is supreme and south Massachusetts is a free state. As a citizen, human being and a free member of the American society, just like Jim, therefore, has a right to fare trial and treatment as a human being and not as a property that someone can claim and possess without considering his own personal feelings. This is the quandary (Baker, 167). The Legal Defense Fund Based on the later relationship and existence of Jim among the free members of the state, He has enjoyed better living conditions where, his fundamental rights were upheld. He has thus realized himself, appreciated the role of the society more positively and has come to contribute positively and effectively to the development of the society in the state and America without fear of oppression (Baker, 146). The person claimed to be a property to someone has been enjoying this freedom and rights for over three years now and is happy to remain in this state. As a citizen, the law should allow him to make rightful choices of whether to get back to his original master, where he was the slave or live with his new employers as a free person of rights. The Hearing I have this case due to the fact that much is at stake with the previous ruling already delivered. We realize the supreme nature of the law and we also appreciate that human beings have their rights which the law should strive to protect in whatever circumstances. During the hearing of this case, we note that there was no jury as one of the legislations requirement for this country require. Further, we should note that North Massachusetts is a free state with specific legislations and principles on slavery though most of the time we have never had such complications to call on our state laws in regard to this matter but there is always precedence and thi s is one such circumstance (Baker, 210). It is therefore, highly significant that the above elements are considered in determining this case so as to ensure the slave, as we can not prove otherwise here in Massachusetts, can testify and make rightful propositions. The Procedures The procedures and legislations established by congress are legal and supreme as they form part of our constitution. We therefore realize that the Fugitive Slaves Act established by 1850 belongs to superlative laws, which this State must abide. As a free state, Massachusetts has established its own procedures aimed at ensuring that the rights of its citizenry towards fair legal processes are consistent. Though the Fugitive Slaves act govern the matters of slavery, the Massachusetts procedures should have been used to offer Jim a fair trial. We ask ourselves whether the rights of Jim to a jury trial were upheld and whether he was subjected to fair and due legal process. It is based on this that we can give a final verdict or ruling on this matter. Massachusetts is a free state and by purely abiding to the procedures outlined in the Fugitive Slaves Act, we undermine our own procedures and thus should reconsider this. The Fugitive Slave Laws Though the fugitive slaves Act only requires a hearing, which has been held so far, we should appreciate that this was not done according to the proced

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 90

Reflection - Essay Example He argues that all black people are forced to be painfully aware of the color of their skin. In fact, he holds that blacks are forced to perceive the whole world through the lens of their skin color. We regularly feel that the migrant story is one of a kind to individuals who have left their homes. However, for the speaker it has progressively turned into an account of individuals who have lost something vital to who they are and need to rehash themselves and choose who they are in the wake of that misfortune. The thought of an immigrant is an exceptionally political term for Mengestu. It does not exist as a genuine meaning of a sure collection of individuals. He recalls living in France for quite a long time and being called an expatriate, not an outsider. In fact, the speaker speaks a lot about the status of an â€Å"expat†. He states that it is amusing how one educated person is actually an expatriate in any country of the world, rather than an immigrant or even a refugee. The thought that one can just claim one space for oneself appears a tiny bit foolhardy, particularly given the outcomes of the diaspora: How we regularly live in more than one place nowadays, and the way that not very many of us have a solitary personality. Mengestu emphasizes that he loves the word â€Å"diaspora†, as it implies the meaning of an individual who has more than one cultural identity.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Language and ethnicity -Ethnic related speech mitigation and PDI Essay

Language and ethnicity -Ethnic related speech mitigation and PDI effect - Essay Example This paper will also examine the concept of Power Distance Index, and how it affects speech. In addition to this, this paper will explain the difference between high PDI and low PDI countries. This paper will further analyze the success rate based on the PDI of the community. The idea of speech code came about as a result of the coding principle by Basil Bernstein and the programmatic approach that Hymes adopted to communication. The combination of the two concepts saw to the development of the concept that speech code is. Basil Bernstein, a British psychologist, noted that different social classes or social differences can exist within one society. While these differences include language features, they also entail coding principles, which dictate communicative conduct. Coding principle, according to Bernstein, refers to the rule that governs what to say, and depending on the context, how to say it (Sadovnik, 2001). Method According to Bernstein’s theory on coding principle, speakers are directed to rely on shared context of communication, other than only the verbal communication. When this happens, the speaker can communicate more effectively since they are aware that in addition to their words, the signals, and non-verbal cues they use also dictate the meaning they send forth. The coding principles used vary according to the socioeconomic differences of the people involved. Even though, a community shares a similar language, different socioeconomic groups value different ways of communicating; in other words, the coding principle. In his theory, Bernstein claimed that the use, and value placed on the coding of language, is influenced by the socioeconomic conditions (Philipsen, 2007). Three coding principles are usually used in linguistics, and these are informativity, rigidity, and attenuation. Using these three principles, the same set of words may have different meanings to different groups of persons. The structure and interaction patterns that cha racterize a family influence the way the members in focus express themselves. The use of language, and the way it is coded is also sensitive to the social organization of the society, and the correlative differences in the family (Sharifian, 2007). Judith Orasanu and Ute Fischer carried out a study on â€Å"Cultural Diversity and Crew Communication.† This study carried out in 1999 involved dialogue between an aircraft officer, and his first officer. In their study, they established that nationality played an important role in influencing communication. This is evident when the modes of communication of different communities are put into consideration. Communication in Korean and Japanese communities is accentuated with symbols, facial expressions, and other gestures. These are aspects of receiver oriented speech. The main focus is on getting information across to the recipient of the information. In contrast to this, there is transmitter oriented speech. Here, the speaker aim s to get out his point without being overly concerned with whether or not the recipient gets the intended information. This is characteristic with Danish, or Swedish communication. The source of information basically uses communication aspects he feels will get his message out in the best way possible. Focus is on getting the message out, and not across. Performance Distance Index (PDI) A society that records a

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Nike Brand Equity Analysis

Nike Brand Equity Analysis Introduction The world constantly changes and disparities, however, some top brands seem to keep their leadership position in their industry to this day. Strong brands are amazingly durable and have the ultimate ability to overcome many challenges. Either does Nike. Since its creation in 1971 in the USA, the Nike swoosh is still one of the worlds most valuable brand despite of the severe crises. Ranked at 26 on the list of Interbrands Best Global Brands in 2009 with a brand value at $13.2 billion dollars, up 4% from a value of $12.7 billion last year, Nike is the best among sports brand, left the big competitors, Adidas and Puma far behind (Interbrand report, 2009). So how has Nike got ahead and stayed ahead? This article will be employed Elliott and Percys structural framework of brand equity synthesis to investigate in four dimensions of Nike brand equity, namely: brand attitude (functional and emotional features), symbolic meaning, brand awareness and brand loyalty to draw the deposit picture of Nike brand equity in the sportswear industry. About Nike In 1962, inspired by athlete aspiration, Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight shook their hand to cofounded Blue Ribbon Sports, precursor of Nike. The initial business then was to distribute low-cost and high quality Japanese athletic shoes to American. Today, Nike not only designs and sells athletic shoes at every profitable market worldwide, but also operates in athletic apparel, sport equipment and subsidiary venture including Cole Haan, Converse Inc., Hurley International LLC, Nike Golf and Umbro Ltd (Nike report, 2009). Headquartered at Oregon, United States, Nike has been presented across more than 160 countries around the world targeting its primary market regions: United States, Europe, Asia Pacific and the Americas. Nike employs about 32,500 people as of May 31, 2008 (Datamonitor Research, 2009). By indirect or direct way, Nike touches the lives of millions more with its innovative products that transform every sport into a winning battle (Superbrands, 2002). Nike customers The decade ago, Bill Bowerman, the co-founder of Nike once said If you have a body, you are an athlete (Nike company overview, 2010). This motto transmitted not only the whole brand characteristics but also the main targeted customers. They are athletes and anyone with a body. Nike offers a wide product portfolio of sport-inspired lifestyle apparel, accessories and equipment. Nike provides athletic footwear for runners, trainers and basketball players. The company also offers shoes and equipments specially designed for those addicted tennis and golf players and etcetera. Such diverse product extensions enable the company to satisfy the varied athletic needs of its customers (Datomonitor Research, 2009) Nike and its rivals Sportswear has been a thriving market in recent years. According to the research Global footwear: Industry profile releasing by Datomonitor in 2009, the global footwear market generated total revenues of $ 196,617 million in 2008. Thus, Nike has experienced intense competition from the moment its first sporting shoes being introduced to their customers. Globally, this market is dominated by the big three namely Nike, Adidas, and Puma (Sport+Markt Report, 2008; Keynote Report, 2010). Adidas Adidas was truly the first sports company, it was founded in 1920. They once really blew in the decade of 70s and 80s. By the early 90s, Adidas realized itself forgotten in the back of game. In the 21st century, the brand has steadily affirmed its position and seems on renaissance. Adidas brand increased its value at 6%, ranked 62th on the list of Best Global Brands 2009 and continued to take the second largest sporting goods manufactures behind Nike (Interbrand, 2009) The overall Adidas brand competes straightly and closely with Nikes value proposition. Nike aims To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world, meanwhile, Adidas mission is Improving every athletes performance through innovation. The brand values of Adidas have been claimed that authenticity, inspiration, honesty and commitment are derived from sport. (Datamonitor research, 2009) Puma Placed at 97th, Puma brand appeared at the first time on the Interbrand annual report. Interbrand analysts gave the positive compliments for Pumas effort to compete against the big rivals. Through new design, co-branding and partnerships with celebrities and famous designers such as Alexander McQueen and Hussein Chalayan, Puma refreshes their brand image. The company defines its brand as the mixes of sport, lifestyle and fashion to increase its desirability (Puma report, 2009). The Puma brand differentiates itself from Nike by communicating lifestyle driven style with active lifestyle themes whereas Nike focusing on performance driven style. Nike brand equity Having and holding customers is likely to be a competitive battle which each brand tries all efforts to win. They compete for functional attributes, distinctive services or innovative technologies (Aaker, 1991). So what are emotional and functional benefits which Nike provides for their customers? Functional and emotional features of the brand Since Nike was set up by someone who has a deep passion for athletics and running, it should come no surprise that product is important. Products that are comfortable, authentic, functionally innovative and uniquely designed (Nike report, 1985). The innovative technology is considered as one of the defining dimensions of Nikes brand identity and corporate culture. The simple driving concept has led to some impressive innovations which is considered as one of the defining dimensions of Nikes brand identity and corporate culture. The first highlight was Air cushioning, using pressurized gas to cushion impact and new materials such as Urathane, that was used first with the Air Max running shoes (Nike report, 1987). More recently, to obtain maximum performance, Nike Sport Research laboratory has discovered the innovative technology such as Shox, which are made mostly of rubber and spring back adding more power to a runners stride and Total 90 Concept, a range of equipment to help players perform over 90 minutes of a soccer match (Keller, 2008) Such innovative technology which Nike has used has gained the strong hold in consumers perceptions. The research of Ross and Harradine (2004) focusing on relationship between young school children and branding, particularly sportswear shoes brands showed that children aged from 4 7 years old believed that these brands could improve their personal performance. They do very fast shoes. They make you run faster. They are also comfortable and look good, they added. Clearly, functional benefit is the fundamental and classical features to communicate with customers. However, if Nike just provided high quality running shoes to enhance athletic performance, Nike would not be strong brands. According to Aakers (1991), big brands need to be beyond the purely functional relationships. They should create a more strong emotional attachment with core consumers because emotional benefits add richness and depth to the brand and the experience of owning and using the brand (Aakers, 2009) Guinn et al (p219, 2008) stated that Nike offers emotional benefits which are the exhilaration of athletic performance excellence; feeling engaged, active, and healthy; exhilaration from admiring professional and college athletes as they perform wearing your brand when they win, you win too. Associated brand with the top athletes, Nike tells story of brands which the main themes is sportsmanship and unrelenting effort. These are the story of Michael Jordan who won a record 10th scoring title and was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players (NBA history, 2010) in Americans National basketball association championship. Lance Armstrong survived and won a second straight Tour de France while Tiger Woods completed the career Grand Slam, ensuring his place in golf history at the age where most of us are still wondering what we will do when we grow up (Nike report, 2000). The most three prominent athletes has generated the inspiration for young and next generation of athletes. Nike has succeeded to transfer their inspirations to every single purchaser. Wearing every pair of Nike shoes is to engage a passion for excellence and encourage to do your own thing. Just do it the tagline could sum up all the greatest values of brand which is (Superbrands case study, 2002). Symbolic meaning Products are no longer just products, they move beyond the functional meanings. Nowadays, they are definitely social tools serving as a means of communication between the individual and his significant references (Grubb and Grathwohl, 1967 as cited by Banister and Hogg, 2003). Products are considered as a symbol of individuality and uniqueness, and also symbol of affiliation and social identification. It is particularly trued with the fashion brands. Fashion brands such as clothes, bags, shoes and etc satisfy opposing functions, both social identification and distinction among individuals (Banister Hogg, 2003) Nike must have understood the recipe well. The Just do It campaign in the early 1990s would be a perfect example. Losing ground to archrival Reebok which was quick initiative on designing style, fashion aerobics shoes in 1980s (Keller, 2008), Nike responded dramatically and forcefully by launching the Just do it campaign which was mainly focused on person wearing on products instead of product itself. Heroes and hero worship was being built as the main themes of advertising. Celebrity endorsements such as Bo Jackson, John McEnroe and Michael Jordon appealed to the consumers sense of belonging and hipness. In other words, Americans consumers were convinced that wearing for every part of your life was smart (the shoes are designed for comfort) and hip (everyone else is wearing them; you too can belong to this group) (CFAR, 1998). Just Do It campaign succeeded (Nike increased its share of the domestic sport shoe business after launching this campaign in America from 18 percent to 43 percent, regained the leader position) because it could fascinate customers in both separating ways. Wearing Nike as a self fulfilling image declaration if you are hip, you are probably wearing Nike. But perhaps most importantly, it could create the desirable needs -if you want to be hip, wear Nike (CFAR, 1998). Symbolic meanings of Nike brand are also tracked in the research on Symbolic and functional positioning of brands of Bhat and Reddy (1998). This study showed that Nike scored high on the prestige and personality expression scales (See Appendix). The findings of Hogg et al (1998) also support the success of attached the symbolic and emblematic meanings to sportswear brands. The youth showed facility in interpreting the symbolic meanings attached to the sports brands which were associated with the different sports stars (such as footballers, rugby players, athletes and tennis players) and with different sports (e.g. football and rugby.) Brand Loyalty Luring by good shoe with innovative functionality and athletic aspiration value, Nike has indeed come to mind and heart of its customers. By the mid of 1990s, 77 percent of male Americans from the age of 18 to 25 chose Nike as their favourite shoe, according to Rozanski et al (1999). The figure still remains stably despite of that up and down year Nike has been experience, gaining the high score of customer satisfaction at 79 percent rated by The American Customer Satisfaction Index Organization (2009). It could be said that loyalty to the Nike brand is driven by many external and internal factors such as brands subjective and objective characteristics and loyalty building programs. One visible example of creating innovative method to capture the strong relationships with Nike users is that creating Joga.com, a social network site for foot ball fans. Launching quietly in the early 2006, the site became an instant hit, peaking at 7.5 million viewers when Nike showed Ronaldinho video clips, according to Nike (2006). More than 1 million members from 140 countries signed up by mid July. In this site, fans can create their personal blogs, build communities around favorite teams or players, download video and organize pickup games. By enrolling consumers in building and shaping the content of the website, Nike pulled their loyal customers closer, nurtured deeper bonds of loyalty and advocacy. (Kotler and Amstrong, 2007) Brand Awareness Brand awareness is the first and crucial stage of consumers preference. It refers to the strength of a brands presence in the consumers mind (Aakers, 1996). Nike has been successful in building awareness. The Swoosh symbol has been appeared everywhere, on shoes, hats, billboards and soccer balls across the globe too remarkably to such extent that one author used the title The Swooshification of the World on Sports Illustrated column that imaged a future in which the swoosh could surpass sports to become a letter of the alphabet and the new presidential seal, among other things(Keller, 2008). True be told, the recognition of the swoosh is extremely high. According to Keller (2008), as of 2000, 97 percent of American citizens recognized the brand logo, as the strong brand penetration. The studying of Arona and Stoner (2009) on understanding brand personality also assists this fact. The findings indicated that Nike was perceived as a dominant force or authority in the market place, reaching at nearly 90 percent (Figure below) The results of Ross and Harradines research (2004) on brand recognition and awareness on children is also supportive, which showed that Nike could be recognized consistently without identification of brand name, even by the youngest group (aged from 4 to 6 years old). This perhaps may reflect the general level of advertising and promotion that children are exposed to. How has Nike done to build brand awareness? Sponsorships, advertising and experience focused retailing (Nike town) are three vivid channels that Nike has applied to enhance its brand image and awareness. Among these strategies, athlete endorsements could be considered as the most significant success of Nike brand. Nike has been invested millions of dollars to associate their brand names with easily recognizable athletes with the aim of brand image building (1.6 billion dollars is spent on multiyear athlete endorsement by Nike according to Horrow (2007). Athletes at the top of their respective sport such as Micheal Jordan, Tiger Woods, and Lance Armstrong who are well liked and respected by members of the brands target audience are chosen as endorsers to associate the Nike brand with the athletes celebrity image. This strategy has been paid off, for example, since Tiger Woods and Nike cooperated, annual sales for Nike Golf have exceeded to nearly $500 million dollars with an estimated 24 percent growth per year in the first five years of the agreement (Pike, 2006 cited by Carlson and Donavan, 2008). Conclusion Since the Nike name is chosen in 1971 with the concepts of victory, success and speed, Nike has been keeping its great speed in the fierce competitive environment. Building brand image and its associations around a famous person and conducting the two way conversation with power consumers through innovative digital channels, Nike has hold the strong presence in the heart of consumers. REFERENCE Aaker, D., 1996. Building strong brands. New York: The Free Press Aaker, David A., 1991. Managing Brand Equity. New York: The Free Press Elliot, R. and Percy, L., 2007, Strategic brand management, Oxford: Oxford University Press Guinn, T., 2008. Advertising and Integrated brand promotion. South Western: South Western Educational Publishing. Keller, K., 2008. Best practice cases in branding: lessons from the worlds strongest brands. 3rd Ed. NJ : Pearson/Prentice-Hall. Kotler, P., and Armstrong, G., 2007. Marketing: an introduction. 8th Ed. N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall Aaker, D. (2009) Beyond functional benefits, Marketing news, 30, 23-24. Arora, R. and Stoner, C. (2009) a mixed method approach to understanding brand personality, Journal of product and Brand management, 18(4), 272-283. Banister, E., and Hogg, M. (2003) Negative symbolic consumption and consumers drive for self-esteem, the case of the fashion industry, European Journal of Marketing, 38(7),850-868. Carlson, B., and Donavan, T. (2008) Concerning the Effect of Athlete Endorsements on Brand and Team-Related Intentions, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17 (3), 154-162. Court, D. et al. (1997) If Nike can just do it, why cant we, The McKinsey quarterly, 3, 24-34. Hogg, M., Bruce, M. and Hill, A. (1998) Fashion brand preferences among young consumers, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 26 (8), 293-300. Ross, J. and Harradine, R. (2004) Im not wearing that! Branding and young children, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8(1),11-26. Ross, J., and Harradine, R. (2004) Im not wearing that! Branding and young children, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (1),11-26. Rozanski, H., Baum, A., and Wolfsen, B. (1999) Brand Zealots: realizing the full value of emotional brand loyalty, Strategy and Business Fourth Quarter ,19, [Online] Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/article/13741?gko=31937 The American Customer Satisfaction Index, Score by company NIKE, [Online] Available at: http://www.theacsi.org/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=149Itemid=157c=NIKE (accessed 20/05/2010). Brandrepublic (2002) Superbrands Case Studies Nike, [Online] Available from:http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/148384/superbrands-case-studies-nike/(accessed 22/04/2010) Center for Applied Research CFAR (1998) Mini case study Nike -Just do it advertising campaign, [Online] Available from: http://www.cfar.com/Documents/nikecmp.pdf(accessed 20/05/2010) Datamonitor research (2009), Nike, Inc. Company profile, [Online] Available from: http://www.datamonitor.com/store/Product/nike_inc?productid=8E563969-FC1C-4D3A-8EEE-F9D79F81F0C3 (accessed 14/04/2010) Datamonitor research (2009), Global footwear industry profile, [Online] Available from: http:www. datamonitor.com (accessed 14/04/2010) Horrow, R. (2007), A countdown of 10 top sports and entertainment business issues, [Online] Available from http://community.foxsports.com/blogs/TheSportsProfessor (accessed 22/05/2010) Interbrands annual report (2009), Best global brands, , [Online] Available from: http://www.interbrand.com/best_global_brands.aspx?year=2008langid=1000 (accessed 14/04/2010) Keynote Report (2010), Clothing, Personal Goods Home Goods 2010, [Online] Available from: www.keynote.com (accessed 18/05/2010) National basketball championship, NBA Encyclopedia playoff edition, [Online] Available from: http://www.nba.com/history/players/jordan_bio.html (accessed 22/05/2010) Nike (2010), Company overview, [Online] Available from: http://www.nikebiz.com/company_overview/ (accessed 12/04/2010) Nike report (2000), Nike annual Report 2000, [Online] Available from: http://invest.nike.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=100529p=irol-reportsOther (accessed 16/05/2010) Puma (2009) About company, [Online] Available from: http://www.puma.com/about (accessed 12/04/2010) Sport+Markt Report (2008), Jersey Report 2008/2009 , [Online] Available from: http://www.sportundmarkt.de/en/reports/list/jersey-report-200809.html (accessed 18/05/2010) Superbrands (2002) Nike Company, [Online] Available from: http://uae.superbrandsmena.com/images/spreads/NIKE%204-4.pdf (accessed 22/04/2010)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Time and Cost Estimating Techniques Essays -- Project Management Obser

Time and Cost Estimating Techniques Estimating work times provides several benefits for the project manager. It gives an idea of the level of effort required to complete a project. This information then enables the project manager to produce a realistic plan based upon that effort. Estimating also helps the project manager anticipate the budget for the project. There are many formal techniques available to estimate time and cost for activities. Please refer to the Project Management Reference Section for more details on these techniques. Anyone reviewing these estimates should understand that they are approximations, not accuracies. Although the formal techniques are very specific, most of them have the following tasks in common: * Break activities down into small pieces for easier and more accurate estimation. (WBS) * Review historical information and compare to current activities. * Include a contingency buffer for potential risks. * Solicit advice from others that have previously completed similar activities. * Identify and document the assumptions and parameters used to derive the estimates. Microsoft Project Microsoft Project is project management software. Project management software assists project managers by providing a means for organizing project information. A project manager uses the software to enter and maintain a workplan that organizes activities and details. The software calculates the scheduled dates for tasks based on the time or work requirements of each task using a calendar of working days for the project and its resources. Microsoft Project is a tool to assist project managers in creating a WBS, PERT Charts, Gantt Charts, and resource histograms. Other reports and charts are also readily available for use and customization. AIS project team members and managers should use the latest version. PERT/CPM Network analysis techniques identify early and late start and finish dates for the uncompleted portions of project activities. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and the Critical Path Method (CPM) are examples of network analysis techniques. The Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an event-oriented technique used to show all the project tasks, dependencies, and earliest and latest start times for each task in graphical form. It is used... ...y are achieving the task goals. This type of observation can also be useful if aspects of team performance are being investigated to understand how the team members are organised and perform their tasks. Communication and conversational analysis Investigation of the patterns in the organisation of people's interaction (it would be possible to use the principle of analysing a conversation between two travellers, or one traveller and one transport enquiry office operator in real situations, in order to identify the needs for the traveller in specific contexts, what are the difficulties encountered, how a system could resolve these difficulties,... ). One of these methods is the language / action approach which considers the language as a means by which people act. Advantage of this method : it provides a complete and logical conceptual frame in order to investigate all kinds of conversation. Disadvantage of this method : many situations are characterised by subtle communication processes not taken into account by the model. There is also a difficulty in labelling an interaction and a message especially if they do not fit into the request or promise categories.